Caffeine synthase
| Caffeine synthase | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| EC number | 2.1.1.160 | ||||||
| CAS number | 155215-94-4 | ||||||
| Databases | |||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||
|
|||||||
Caffeine synthase is a methyltransferase enzyme involved in the caffeine biosynthesis pathway. It is expressed in tea species, coffee species, and cocoa species. The enzyme catalyses the following reactions:[1]
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine + theobromine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + caffeine + H+ - S-adenosyl-L-methionine + paraxanthine S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + caffeine + H+
- 7-methylxanthine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + theobromine
Caffeine synthase is expressed in the Camellia species irrawadiensis, ptilophylla, and sinensis;[2] the Coffea species arabica,[3][4] and canephora;[5] and in Theobroma cacao.[6]
References
- ^ Kato M, Mizuno K, Fujimura T, Iwama M, Irie M, Crozier A, Ashihara H (June 1999). "Purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves". Plant Physiol. 120 (2): 579–86. doi:10.1104/pp.120.2.579. PMC 59297. PMID 10364410. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=59297.
- ^ Kato M, Mizuno K, Crozier A, Fujimura T, Ashihara H (August 2000). "Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves". Nature 406 (6799): 956–7. doi:10.1038/35023072. PMID 10984041.
- ^ Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T (January 2003). "Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)". FEBS Lett. 534 (1-3): 75–81. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03781-X. PMID 12527364.
- ^ Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H (May 2003). "Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants". Plant Physiol. 132 (1): 372–80. doi:10.1104/pp.102.019679. PMC 166982. PMID 12746542. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=166982.
- ^ McCarthy AA, Biget L, Lin C, Petiard V, Tanksley SD, McCarthy JG (April 2007). "Cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the XMT and DXMT N-methyltransferases from Coffea canephora (robusta)". Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 63 (Pt 4): 304–7. doi:10.1107/S1744309107009268. PMC 2330209. PMID 17401201. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2330209.
- ^ Yoneyama N, Morimoto H, Ye CX, Ashihara H, Mizuno K, Kato M (February 2006). "Substrate specificity of N-methyltransferase involved in purine alkaloids synthesis is dependent upon one amino acid residue of the enzyme". Mol. Genet. Genomics 275 (2): 125–35. doi:10.1007/s00438-005-0070-z. PMID 16333668.